No, it is not possible to query for non-existing information. Setting a boolean property on existing pages for links which point to non-existing pages using the #ifexist parser function may be a way out. Thus you can query for this information.
[[kgh]] (talk)
Ok, thanks. Now, where to mention this assumption of the docs? The answer came to me when I thought a while about it, but it's not so obvious.
Nemo bis (talk)